药物及营养物吸收评价系统
仪器概况
20世纪40年代末至50年代初，丹麦学者Hans Ussing开始利 用灌流浴槽方法来研究上皮细胞的离子转运。目前，其应用主 要集中在药学领域，通过微电极检测细胞膜离子通道的电流变 化，对胃肠道药物吸收、肠道黏膜通透性和分泌功能、血脑屏 障对药物转运和细菌毒素对其影响、气管黏膜分泌、输尿管黏 膜吸收及分泌等进行研究。
随着仪器设备设计的不断更新和完善，其应用范围也越来 越广，逐渐在畜禽营养物质吸收与生理学研究领域得到了广泛 应用。
图1 浴槽灌流装置，包括储液器、灌流浴槽、 支架和前颤大器
工作原理
上皮组织由密集排列的上皮细胞和少量细胞间质组成，具有 极性和紧密连接，这也是区别于其他组织的两大特征。
上皮细胞膜上的蛋白质逆着离子浓度梯度将离子从膜的一侧 转运向另一侧，转运过程中产生跨膜电势，被称为Vt。产生Vt 的前提是上皮细胞膜顶侧和基底侧离子的分布是不均匀的。细 胞膜顶侧电势(Va)和基底侧电势(Vb)之差即为Vt。通过对上皮 细胞钳制电流可完成Vt的测定，这就是通常所说的短路记录， 在研究上皮物质的吸收以及分泌机制方面极为有用。对于吸收 组织，Va主要由Na•通道活性决定；而对于分泌组织，Vb则主 要受C「导电性能决定。
仪器用途
一、药物吸收转运机制研究
1、 新开发药物通过肠道黏膜吸收转运的机制；
2、 新开发药物经过皮肤吸收转运机制：
3、 喷雾给药经口腔或鼻腔黏膜吸收转运机制；
4、 子宫或膀胱局部用药经过子宫内膜或膀胱黏膜吸收转运机制;
5、 眼部新药经过眼角膜吸收转运机制：
6、 中枢神经系统药物经血脑屏障吸收转运的机制；
二、屏障功能研究
1、 胃肠道屏障功能：缺血缺氧、炎症、营养障碍等微生态环境改变导致的屏障功能缺失，如内毒素或外毒素对 胃肠道屏障功能影响：腹泻机制研究；抗腹泻药物的机制研究：
2、 血脑屏障功能：内毒素或外毒素对血脑屏障的影响等；缺血缺氧、炎症等对血脑屏障通透性的影响：
三、营养物吸收机制研充
1、 用于畜禽配方中营养物吸收机制研究；
2、 用于护肤产品中营养物吸收机制研究：
3、 用于人类营养产品中添加物胃肠道吸收研究:
4、 用于动物或人肾小管对离子再吸收机制研究;
5、 用于动物视网膜对营养物吸收机制研究；
四、用于离子或化合物分泌研究：
1、 用于呼吸道黏膜离子分泌的研究；
2、 用于肾小管离子排泌的研究：
3、 用于胃部氢离子分泌的研究：
参考文献
用于消化道黏膜研究
[1 ] Methyl-orvinol—Dual activity opioid receptor ligand inhibits gastrointestinal transit and alleviates abdominal pain in the mouse models mimicking diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacological Reports, 2017, 69(2): 350-357;
[2] Effects of energy and protein restriction on digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of Liuyang Black kids. Small Ruminant Research, 2017, 154 : 13-19;
[3] Na+/H+ exchanger 3 inhibitor diminishes the ami no-acid-enhanced transepithelial calcium transport across the rat duodenum
Amino Acids, 2017, 49 : 725-734;
[4] Oestrogen upregulates the expression levels and functional activities of duodenal mucosal CFTR and SLC26A6 Exp Physiol., 2017, 101(11): 1371-1382;
[5] Influence of age on intestinal bile acid transport in C57BL/6 mice Pharma Res Per, 2017, 5(2): e00287;
[6] Development of a Non-Aqueous Dispersion to Improve Intestinal Epithelial Flux of Poorly Permeable Macromolecules TheAAPS Journal, 2017, 19(1):244-253;
[7] Prosecretory effect of loperamide in ileal and colonic mucosae of mice displaying high or low swim stress-induced analgesia associated with high and low endogenous opioid system activity Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 2017; el3166
[8] An Assessment of the Permeation Enhancer, 1 -phenyl-piperazine (PPZ), on Paracellular Flux Across Rat Intestinal Mucosae in Ussing Chambers Pharm Res., 2016, 33 : 2506-2516;
[9] Prostaglandin D2 regulates human colonic ion transport via the DP 1 receptor.
Life Sciences, 2015, 122 : 87-91;
[10] Soluble mediators in plasma from irritable bowel syndrome patients excite rat submucosal neurons. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2015, 44 : 57-67;
[11] Effects of alcohol on intestinal epithelial barrier permeability and expression of tight junction-as sociated proteins Molecular Medicine Reports, 2014, 9 : 2352-2356;
[12] The regulatory effects of Bifidobacterium infantis on the secretomotor activity of the enteric nervous system Chronicles of Young Scientists, 2013, 4(2): 114-120;
用于呼吸道黏膜研究
[1 ] Altered ion transport in normal human bronchial epithelial cells following exposure to chemically distinct metal welding fume particles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 201 7, 326 : 1-6;
[2] Thick airway surface liquid volume and weak mucin expression in pendrin-deficient human airway epithelia Physiological Reports, 201 5, 3 (8), el2480; https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12480
[3] Synergistic mucus secretion by histamine and IL-4 through TMEM 16A in airway epithelium Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol (May 25, 2017).
https://doi.Org/10.l I52/ajplung.00103.2017
[4] Physiological levels of lipoxin A4 inhibit ENaC and restore airway surface liquid height in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium Physiological Reports, 2014,2 (8),el2093;
https://doi.org/ 10.14814/phy2.12093
[5] Nerve growth factor reduces amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport in human airway epithelial cells Physiological Reports, 2014, 2 (7), el2073;
https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12073
[6] Anchored PDE4 regulates chloride conductance in wild-type and AF508-CFTR human airway epithelia FASEB J. 2014, 28(2): 791-801;
https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.13-240861
[7] P. aeruginosa LPS stimulates calcium signaling and chloride secretion via CFTR in human bronchial epithelial cells Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2013, 12 : 60-67;
用于皮肤、角膜及血脑屏障等研究
[1 ] Skin-Derived Precursors as a Source of Progenitors for Corneal Endothelial Regeneration
Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 2017, 6:788-798; https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.l 6-0162
[2] Capsaicin Used on Skin Influences Ion Transport Pathways: An in vitro Study Skin Pharmacol Physiol., 2017,31(1):19-27;
https://doi.org/10.1159/000481689
[3] Functional Corneal Endothelium Derived from Corneal Stroma Stem Cells of Neural Crest Origin by Retinoic Acid and Wnt/p-Catenin Signaling Stem Cells and Development, 2013, 22(5):828-839;
https://DOI.org/10.1089/scd.2012.0286
[4] Expression and Distribution of Claudin Subtypes in Human Corneal Endothelium Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 2013, 54:7258-7265;
https://D01.org/10.1167/iovs.13-I2022
[5] Validation of Na,K-ATPase Pump Function of Corneal Endothelial Cells for Corneal Regenerative Medicine Tissue Engineering, Part C, 2013, 19( 12):901-910; https://D01.org/IO.1089/ten.tec.20l3.0030
[6] Activation of Chloride Secretion by Isoflavone Genistein in Endometrial Epithelial Cells
Cell Physiol Biochem., 2013, 32:1473-1486; https://DOI.org/10.H59/000356584
[7] Inhibition of Nitric Oxide-Stimulated Vasorelaxation by Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol., 2011,31:2570-2576; https://DOI.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.lll.229039
