刺激隔离器
A310单通道脉冲发生器/刺激器
仪器简介
A310 Accupulser是第二代脉冲发生器/刺激器,它将数字电子的重复性和精确性和模拟电路的高分辨率,连续可调节的特性结合于一体。A310的所有时间参数都是由10圈可读控制钮和六位范围旋钮输入的。10圈拨盘的精确度和A310高线性电路的结合使得输出值精确到设置值的1%以内。A310能够以连续运行,一次运行或系列脉冲/突发模式产生单次或双脉冲,系列脉冲的持续时间可以用板载内置发生器,或者外部电位,或者干式接触门控输入来控制。
A310可以提供5个单独的输出,隔离器输出用于驱动WPI的刺激隔离器,也兼容TTL信号和5伏的COMS电路。监视器输出提供10-15伏(高达50毫安)的信号以供在示波器/记录仪上观察输出信号或用于控制其他设备,刺激器的信号可以传输到WPI公司的刺激隔离器A365、A385和A395,也可以作为TTL信号和5伏COMS信号兼容。
两个低噪可变输出的幅度可以在0到10伏以及-10伏两个范围之间调节,分辨率是1毫伏,TTL信号和5伏COMS兼容,同步输出可以提供与每次输出间隔开始时同步的短时间持续脉冲,面板上的指示灯提示用户设定的定时参数不符合逻辑或输出处于活跃期。
仪器应用
■神经或肌肉的刺激用于电生理活动的诱发
■心脏窦房结启动电活动的诱发或房颤诱发
■神经疾病研究中如癫痫、惊厥以及抑郁等脑电活动的诱发
■任何使用外部TTL信号触发启动的仪器设备
■神经细胞、骨骼肌细胞或心肌细胞动作电位启动
■植物电生理活动的诱发或干扰
A310刺激器参考文献
[1] Cortical electroconvulsive stimulation alleviates breeding-induced prepulse inhibition deficit in rats[J].
Nadine John et al., Experimental Neurology 2016, 275 : 99– 103.
[2] The Role of Mitochondrially Derived ATP in Synaptic Vesicle Recycling[J].
Divya Pathak et al., J of Biological Chemistry 2015, 290 (37) : 22325-22336.
[3] Novel Agonists for Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptors Reverse Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Long-term Depression in the
Hippocampus of Wild-Type and Fmr 1 Knockout Mice, a Model of Fragile X Syndrome[J].
Lara Costa et al., Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2015, 9(65) : 1- 11.
[4] Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 Orchestrates Recruitment of Other Synaptic Vesicle Cargo Proteins during Synaptic Vesicle Recycling[J].
Ping-Yue Pan et al., J of Biological Chemistry 2015, 290 (37) : 22593-22601.
[5] Parvalbumin Cell Ablation ofNMDA-R1 Causes Increased Resting Network Excitability with Associated Social and Self-Care Deficits[J].
Eddie N Billingslea et al., Neuropsychopharmacology 2014, 39 : 1603– 1613.
[6] Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Mediate Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis and Their Expression is Driven by Nerve Growth Factor[J].
LianSheng Liu et al., JOP. 2014, 12(4) : 389–394.
[7] Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation in a Mouse Model of High Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behavior[J].
Claudia Schmuckermair et al., Neuropsychopharmacology 2013, 38 : 1234– 1244.
[8] Joohyun Park et al ., Neurobiology of Disease 2013, 55 : 129– 139.
[9] Vocal Corollary Discharge Communicates Call Duration to Vertebrate Auditory System[J].
Boris P. Chagnaud et al., The Journal of Neuroscience, 2013, 33(48) : 18775– 18780.
[10] Identification of brain-targeted bioactive dietary quercetin-3-O-glucuronide as a novel intervention for Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Lap Ho et al., The FASEB Journal 2013, 27 : 769-781.
[11] LRRK2 phosphorylates Snapin and inhibits interaction of Snapin with SNAP-25[J].
Hye Jin Yun et al., Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2013, 45 : e36.
[12] The food intake-suppressive effects of glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor signaling in the ventral tegmental area are mediated by AMPA /kainate receptors[J].
Elizabeth G. Mietlicki-Baase et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013, 305: E1367–E1374.
[13] 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 Receptors Differently Modulate AMPA Receptor-Mediated Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission[J]. L. Costa et al., Hippocampus 2012, 22 : 790-801.
[14] Activation of 5-HT7 Serotonin Receptors Reverses Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in Wild-Type and Fmr 1 Knockout Mice, a Model of Fragile X Syndrome[J]. Lara Costa et al., BIOL PSYCHIATRY 2012; 72:924 –933.
[17] STIM1-Ca2 Signaling Is Required for the Hypertrophic Growth of Skeletal Muscle in Mice[J].
Tianyu Li et al., Molecular and Cellular Biology 2012, 32 ( 15) : 3009-3017.
[18] Innovations in motoneuron synchrony drive rapid temporal modulations in vertebrate acoustic signaling[J]. Boris P. Chagnaud et al., J Neurophysiol 2012, 107 : 3528–3542.
[19] H2 Gas Improves Functional Outcome After Cardiac Arrest to an Extent Comparable to Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Rat Model[J]. Kei Hayashida et al., J Am Heart Assoc. 2012, 1 : e003459.
[20] High frequency stimulation ofthe subthalamic nucleus increases c-fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal raphe nucleus and afferent brain regions[J].
Sonny K.H. Tan et al., Journal of Psychiatric Research 2011, 45 : 1307e1315.
[21] Anaerobic function of CNS white matter declines with age[J].
Margaret A Hamner et al., Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2011, 31 : 996– 1002
[22] Live imaging of bulk endocytosis in frog motor nerve terminals using FM dyes[J].
Michael A. Gaffield et al., J Neurophysiol 2011, 106: 599–607.
[23] Concurrent imaging of synaptic vesicle recycling and calcium dynamics[J].
Haiyan Li et al., Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 2011, 4(34): 1- 10.
[24] Catecholaminergic automatic activity in the rat pulmonary vein: electrophysiological differences between cardiac muscle in the left atrium and pulmonary vein[J].
Nicolas Doisne et al., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009, 297: H102–H108.
高电压刺激隔离器A365
仪器简介
A365D和A365R刺激隔离器也是由碱性或充电电池供电, 并从机器主电路上与接地隔离, 这样可以确保刺 激电流的精准定位, 并防止电流从刺激位点流向接地。 A365D 由16 节9V碱性晶体管电池供电, A365R 由16节镍 镉充电电池供电。该刺激隔离器可以通过面板操控, 以一定的速率和间隔重复精准地产生直流脉冲, 或通过WPI 的任何脉冲发生器(如A300、A310等) 、其它标准脉冲发生器、数模转换器或者可以提供大于等于指定阈值的 输出电压设备,以光学脉冲或门控方式在几微秒的间隔产生直流脉冲。
仪器特征
■双声报警
当系统出现开路或达到顺从性时,发出报警声;当有信号加入输入端时,发出第二个警报声。还提供了电池检测开关来检查电池电量。
■电流传递
刺激电流通过一个三位控制旋钮和三档开关进行设定。输出电流幅度控制在1%以内。输出电流独立负载, 电压自动生成足以通过负载所需的电流, 只受顺从性的限制。 A360LA刺激隔离器可产生高达10mA的电流, 分三个档位, 顺从性可在100V以上。
■极性
输出极性由前面板上按扭确定,双极性电流由命令波形设定,为正、负交替的脉冲。
仪器应用
●神经或肌肉的刺激用于电生理活动的诱发;
●任何使用外部TTL信号触发启动的仪器设备;
●心脏窦房结启动电活动的诱发或房颤诱发;
●神经细胞、骨骼肌细胞或心肌细胞动作电位启动;
●神经疾病研究中如癫痫、惊厥及抑郁等脑电活动的诱发;
●植物电生理活动的诱发或干扰。
高电流刺激隔离器A385
仪器简介
WPI所有的刺激隔离器旨在提供恒定电流,因为电流阀值(不是电压)对神经和肌肉刺激是最能被定量复制的参数,刺激隔离保证刺激电流的精确位置,并防止电流从刺激位置传到接地。如果用于刺激电解质溶液灌流的神经或肌肉组织,那么可能需要高达100毫安的电流振幅,因为这样会有相当一部分刺激电流会分流。
A385, 一个“光耦合”的隔离电流源,能够产生高达100毫安单极性或双相恒定的电流脉冲或直流。脉冲持续时间由于手动或者外部5伏指令控制,输出电流幅度由一个三位数10圈的电位器确定,刺激电极之间的最大输出电压为+36伏,因此该仪器不会导致意外的经皮电休克(可能不适合刺激干性皮肤表面),由于A385可以产生大电流,大电极可以防止电解以及减少因电极极性产生的电压降。
大连幅度是“恒定的”,这意味着负载电阻就是独立的,前提条件是IXR(负载)产品不超过可用的电池电压。如果IXR达到电池电压极限,会响起警报声。只要跨负荷(刺激电极通路)电压降没有达到电源电压幅度,电流振幅就会保持设置的参数,这时会听到警报声,用户就会知道(a)对于给定的负荷设置了过多的电流,或者(b)电极间的电阻过高或电极电路路径处于开放状态(见以下仪器快速测试中的描述),本仪器由重型充电铅钙电池供电,彩色指示灯和警报声音表示仪器在使用中的电量状态。
仪器应用
■神经或肌肉的刺激用于电生理活动的诱发
■心脏窦房结启动电活动的诱发或房颤诱发
■神经疾病研究中如癫痫、惊厥以及抑郁等脑电活动的诱发
■任何使用外部TTL信号触发启动的仪器设备
■神经细胞、骨骼肌细胞或心肌细胞动作电位启动
■植物电生理活动的诱发或干扰
A395线性刺激隔离器
仪器简介
WPI是所有刺激隔离器在设计上都采用恒流电源,因为电流阀(非电压阀)对神经、肌肉的刺激从数量上讲是可重复性最佳的参数。A395从它的输出端重复分配电流,其幅度值由所选择的电流范围与输入电压决定,电流幅度是“常量”,即负荷电阻是独立的,条件是IxR的结果没有超出电池供给的电压。如果IxR的结果达到上述情况,可视的指示器(合规性LED指示灯)就会提示,当单元不符合时,两个LED(标记+和-)中的有关就会亮起来,这取决于电流向哪个方向流动。
A395能够在它的输出端产生70V或者更高的电压,因此,用户可以确定,只要负荷端的电压降没有达到所供给的电压值,电流幅度就如同表盘所示,LED提示灯就会亮起,这样有两种情况提示:(a)对于一个已经确定的负荷,表盘所示的电流太大;(b)电极之间的电阻太大,或者电极电路为开路状态。
A395刺激隔离器可生成任意(用户自定义)波形的输出电流,如直流、交流、脉冲以及它们的组合,电池供电,与输入电压驱动器光电隔离,该仪器会重新生成输出电流,这些电流与你的D/A转换器或信号发生器提供的模拟电压波形呈现性关系(下图所示)。
电流输出
10V电压的输入,能够生成最大的输出电流,其数值包括比如:100μA,1mA或者10mA,前面板控制着直流电流的产生,外部的信号也可以同步叠加(直流补偿),当有开路或者过多的电流情况时,警报指示灯亮起提示。
数字表
测量直流电流或者平均输出电流
超负荷指示灯
输出电压达到正向或负向阀值电压限度时,指示灯亮起。
仪器应用
■听觉神经系统的研究
■大脑神经系统的控制机理研究
■电感系统的信息处理研究
■运动神经系统的研究应用
■ATP在神经系统中的作用研究
A365刺激隔离器参考文献
[1] Left brain cortical activity modulates stress effects on social behavior[J].
Lee E et al., Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 13342.
[2] Whole-scalp EEG mapping of somatosensory evoked potentials in macaque monkeys[J].
Gindrat A D et al., Brain Structure & Function, 2015, 220(4), 2121–42.
[3] Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents[J].
Younce J R et al., Journal of Visualized Experiments, (84), 2014, e51271–e51271.
[4] Motivational Salience Signal in the Basal Forebrain Is Coupled with Faster and More Precise Decision Speed[J]. Avila I et al., PLoS Biology, 2014, 12(3), e1001811.
[5] TESIS DOCTORAL Efectos de la estimulación artificial de un nervio periférico seccionado sobre la vía somatosensorial desaferentizada de la rata[J]. Herrera C et al., (2014).
[6] A frontal cortex event-related potential driven by the basal forebrain[J]. Nguyen D P et al., eLife, 2014, 3, e02148.
[7] Characterization of a novel high-potency positive modulator of Kv7 channels[J].
Dalby-Brown W et al ., European Journal of Pharmacology, 2013, 709(1–3), 52–63.
[8] Trains of Epidural DC Stimulation of the Cerebellum Tune Corticomotor Excitability[J].
BTN Oulad et al., Neural Plasticity, 2013(10), 1– 12.
[9] The cardiomyocyte molecular clock, regulation of Scn5a, and arrhythmia susceptibility[J]. Schroder E A et al., American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 2013, 304( 10), C954-65.
[10] [11C]quinidine and [11C]laniquidar PET imaging in a chronic rodent epilepsy model: Impact of epilepsy and drug-responsiveness[J]. Syvänen S et al., Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2013, 40(6), 764–775.
[11] Early postnatal development of GABAergic presynaptic inhibition of Ia proprioceptive afferent connections in mouse spinal cord[J]. Sonner P M et al., Journal of Neurophysiology, 2013, 109(8), 2118–28.
[12] Sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channels modulate skeletal muscle function under low-intensity workloads[J]. Zhu Z et al., The Journal of General Physiology, 2013, 143( 1), 119– 134.
A385刺激隔离器参考文献
[1] Whisker-signaled Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Head-fixed Mice[J].
C Lin et al., Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2016, 2016( 109).
[2] Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 orchestrates recruitment of other synaptic vesicle cargo proteins during synaptic vesicle recycling[J].
PY Pan et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015, 290(37):22593-601.
[3] The Role of Mitochondrially Derived ATP in Synaptic Vesicle Recycling[J].
D Pathak et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015, 290(37):22325-36.
[4] Ventricular remodelling in rabbits with sustained high-fat diet[J].
M Zarzoso et al., Acta Physiologica, 2014, 211( 1):36–47.
[5] STIM1-Ca2+ Signaling Is Required for the Hypertrophic Growth of Skeletal Muscle in Mice[J]. Tianyu Li, et al., Molecular & Cellular Biology, 2012, 32( 15):3009- 17.
[6] Looser coupling of calcium entry and exocytosis in mid-brain dopamine neurons allows Calbindin to control release probability[J].
TAR Ping-Yue Pan., Nature Neuroscience, 2012, 15(6).
A395刺激隔离器参考文献
[1] Cerebral glucose metabolism changes in rat brain upon forepaw electrical stimulation at different frequencies[J].
HN Kim et al., Neuroreport, 2015, 26(4): 197-205.
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[3] Transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates large-scale cortical network activity by network resonance[J].
MM Ali et al., Journal of Neuroscience the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013, 33(27): 11262-75.
[4] Sensitivities of rat primary sensory afferent nerves to magnesium: implications for differential nerve blocks[J].
N Vastani et al., European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2013, 30( 1):21-8.
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[6] Medial superior olivary neurons receive surprisingly few excitatory and inhibitory inputs with balanced strength and short-term dynamics[J]. K Couchman et al., Journal of Neuroscience the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2010, 30(50): 17111-21.